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Car cost-of-ownership knowledge base

TCO comparisons, EV adoption, incentives and regulations - articles backed by data, not opinions.

27 in-depth analyses

Real costs. Real data.

Every article is backed by the RealTCO Engine v5.0 - a calculation model built on 412 automated tests and data from TUV, ADAC, URE and Polish market sources. We don't estimate - we calculate. Each comparison uses the same methodology so you can compare models across articles.

✓Based on RealTCO Engine v5.0 – 412 tests, 873 car models✓Updated with current fuel & electricity prices✓Polish market conditions (taxes, insurance, labor)

Browse by topic

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Model comparisons

TCO head-to-head: EV vs hybrid, BEV vs ICE - real numbers.

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EV in the city

Electric car in Warsaw, Krakow and other cities - parking, LEZ, costs.

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TCO Calculator

What does owning a specific model cost? We break down every expense.

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EV Charging

Wallbox, night tariffs, public charging - real charging costs.

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Leasing & financing

Operating lease vs cash vs loan - which financing is cheapest?

12 of 27 articles

22 July 20267 min read

Ferrari Elettrica 2026 - official data without invented TCO

Ferrari confirms 122 kWh gross, 880 V and charging up to 350 kW. We correct the 195 Wh/kg versus 195 kWh error and do not calculate TCO without a verified price.

22 July 20268 min read

Current RealTCO v5.0 comparison: Mazda 6e 68.8 and alternatives

Application-engine results for one verified five-year scenario. Mazda 6e 68.8: 163 663 PLN; Xpeng G6 LR: 197 359 PLN.

22 July 20268 min read

Current RealTCO v5.0 comparison: Hyundai Ioniq 6 LR AWD and alternatives

Application-engine results for one verified five-year scenario. Hyundai Ioniq 6 LR AWD: 206 947 PLN; Xpeng G6 LR: 215 009 PLN.

22 July 20268 min read

Current RealTCO v5.0 comparison: Tesla Model Y Standard 2026 and alternatives

Application-engine results for one verified five-year scenario. Tesla Model Y Standard 2026: 148 485 PLN; Hyundai Ioniq 5 LR RWD 2025: 182 028 PLN; VW ID.4 Pro 2025: 155 665 PLN; MG4 Electric Standard 2025: 122 431 PLN.

22 July 20268 min read

Current RealTCO v5.0 comparison: Dacia Spring Electric 100 2026 and alternatives

Application-engine results for one verified five-year scenario. Dacia Spring Electric 100 2026: 83 886 PLN; Fiat 500e 2025: 108 166 PLN; Leapmotor C10 REEV 2025: 179 713 PLN.

22 July 20268 min read

Current RealTCO v5.0 comparison: Xpeng G6 LR and alternatives

Application-engine results for one verified five-year scenario. Xpeng G6 LR: 197 359 PLN; Tesla Model Y Standard: 148 485 PLN.

22 July 20268 min read

Current RealTCO v5.0 comparison: BYD Seal Design and alternatives

Application-engine results for one verified five-year scenario. BYD Seal Design: 184 263 PLN; Xpeng G6 LR: 197 359 PLN; Leapmotor C10 REEV 2025: 179 713 PLN; MG4 Electric Standard 2025: 122 431 PLN.

22 July 20268 min read

Current RealTCO v5.0 comparison: Hyundai Ioniq 5 LR RWD 2025 and alternatives

Application-engine results for one verified five-year scenario. Hyundai Ioniq 5 LR RWD 2025: 178 863 PLN; Kia EV6 LR RWD 84 kWh 2026: 178 565 PLN.

22 July 20268 min read

Current RealTCO v5.0 comparison: Dacia Spring Electric 100 2026 and alternatives

Application-engine results for one verified five-year scenario. Dacia Spring Electric 100 2026: 84 159 PLN; Fiat 500e 2025: 108 166 PLN.

22 July 20268 min read

Current RealTCO v5.0 comparison: Hyundai Inster 2025 and alternatives

Application-engine results for one verified five-year scenario. Hyundai Inster 2025: 91 526 PLN; Dacia Spring Electric 100 2026: 84 159 PLN; Fiat 500e 2025: 108 166 PLN.

22 July 20268 min read

Current RealTCO v5.0 comparison: Xpeng G6 LR and alternatives

Application-engine results for one verified five-year scenario. Xpeng G6 LR: 197 359 PLN; Xpeng G9 AWD: 266 486 PLN.

22 July 20268 min read

Current RealTCO v5.0 comparison: Tesla Model 3 LR AWD 2025 and alternatives

Application-engine results for one verified five-year scenario. Tesla Model 3 LR AWD 2025: 164 674 PLN; Skoda Enyaq 85x 2026: 177 157 PLN.